Telma’s retarders for commercial vehicles do not use drag force from brake pads to slow the vehicle down; instead, they are “induction” or “eddy current” brakes which use electromagnetism to dissipate the kinetic energy as heat, thus slowing the vehicle down without any friction.

The ‘City 45 Electric’, based on the Mercedes ‘Sprinter’ van, is a 7.4-metre vehicle with seating for up to 20 passengers.

The steering concepts have been developed over three years in response to a survey of bus drivers conducted by the RMT, which found that 78% of drivers surveyed said that their work causes them back pain, shoulder pain, and/or neck pain.

King Long unveiled three electric vehicles: The PEV9 9.18 metre city midibus, PEV6 5.99 metre city minibus and the 12.25-metre C12E electric coach.

TAM’s battery electric city bus range, called ‘Véro’, is available in 7 metres and 10 metres.

The company displayed its new electric eBreeze HVAC system which is 20% lighter and requires 40% less refrigerant gas to operate than previous electric ranges.

The company showcased its modular DC fast charger designed to maximise charging capacity and distribution, increasing the available kilowatts at deports.

The Dutch company presented a new design of door which uses fewer wearing parts and a non-touch safety system to prevent passengers from being trapped by closing doors.

BYD debuted two new electric buses for the European market. These new buses joined two established BYD models on the stand: the BYD eBus B19 and the BYD eBus B15.

A press statement from the EU Commission read: “The proposed amendment introduces a 100% zero-emission target for urban buses by 2035, while setting an intermediate target of 85% for this category by 2030. The Council agreed to exempt inter-urban buses from this target."

The ‘Athenia Envi’ heat pump is a HVAC unit which uses R-744 (i.e., CO2) - with a global warming potential of 1 - as a refrigerant.

JBM Electric Vehicles unveiled two new e-buses designed for the European market. The company displayed its electric city bus (the Ecolife) and its luxury coach, Galaxy